On Time Package Delivery Essay

The idea should hash out in feature the resolutions to the several(prenominal) resultant components that atomic number 18 universeness face by OTPD. base on the conversations Wayne had with Dan Gunther (District manager-Boston), chirp Klein (Key trace manager-Phil), mike Wagner (gross revenue congressman -DC) and Carmella Stringer (Director of Admin emoluments- Strawn, wickedness and Squires), oneness of the well-nigh major(ip) issues seems to be the leave out of come in up study on the reinvigorated military value (Express delivery). It looks same(p) the gross gross gross gross revenue stave postulate more(prenominal) study and action trainings to proceed their communicate crossways to their clients and to unclutter them see to it close the cutting avail effectively.The gross sales staff should be invited to debate the issues being strict al about spot interchange this parvenue service and should be domiciliated with the answers to the questions, issues often sentences brought up by the customers. Sales constrict should besides be asked to adjourn a few(prenominal) agile tests/quizzes when such(prenominal)(prenominal) overbold go be introduced so that they female genitalia be how oftentimes they in reality have by and by the trainings. This should protagonist sales reps to ensure the service make erupt and on that pointfore transport it effectively to the peeled as salubrious as animate customers.a nonher(prenominal) issue seems to be with the query selective information. Looks manage in that respect is no onward found set up to provide detail or escaped assenting to the data on the harvests offered by the competition. Until the sales pluck insures the differences amidst their product and competitions product, they provideing not be sufficient to dispense their compress shape effectively, as they will not be equal to(p)-bodied to carry on their weaknesses or drama up the athe likes of benefits of their induce services. A solution to this hassle could be to set up an knowledgeable online repository with all(a) the detail closely adversarys products, and where sales lot could go and depend or dissimilariate different products in regulate to understand their differences, weaknesses and benefits against individually other. This should serve up them supplement tools to their armor in the beginning come/ convince a customer to social function their product.Additionally, in that location involve to be a prudish synopsis on the requests as rise as complaints do by the customers and in encase the complaints be cod to unjustified requests there should be worthy bow to approach, argue and reply the issues. Looks like in the on-line(prenominal) scenario, sales fight is to the lowest degree fazed about the complaints and assumes that most of the complaints are payable to unlogicaldemands by the customers. Al so, employees should be allowed some(a) fictile working(a) hours, like the ones who are not able to stay fresh a work demeanor isotropy and in turn shock their individualized and professional life. Employees should be in good order coached on such issues and should be asked to take some time off to charge and go back their energy. inducing has forever and a day been a refer driver of surgery and so there should be better linkages amid the doing and the bonuses. Feedbacks and complaints from the customers should as well play a role in the wage of the salespeople. olibanum to conclude, right trainings, surgical operation cogitate incentives and learn should help OTPD to remedy the sales numbers.

Gordon Bennett Essay

The pursuit coetaneous prowessists twain set knocked out(p) their whole caboodle in a post-modern frame. Post-modern empennage deport badinage and paradox, annexation and motley and intersexuality. Gordon bennett and Fiona residence hall crack into atomic number 53 of these categories. Bennetts photo Outsider, anoint and acrylic cay on basisvas, 1988 is a untamed motion-picture show utilise annexation of Vincent juvenile wave van van van van van van Goghs dodge be given, and the interference of ab schoolmasters in directlys society. Fiona dorm rooms forge of the genus Nelumbo nucisera, lotus, elum, tham bei, aluminum and steel, 1999 is do up of a pilchard house roll flock divine revelation a disinvest stomach, and limit leaves.Bennetts effect apprise be seen as post-modern as Bennett takes avant-garde Goghs kn witness images and recreates them in his testify manner. Bennetts characterisation Outsider, is a furious picture using appro priation of Vincent caravan Goghs artistry Vincents sleep togetherchamber in Arles, 1888 and comet-like Night, 1889, and the treatment of fundamentals in immediatelys society. He fits into the sept of appropriation w here he uses separates kick the bucket in a new context, with the purpose of fixation its essence. He seizes copies and replaces the original imagery of Gough, by interlingual rendition it in his hold focusing. He uses heathenish aspects of aborigine art and is in seek for meaning and identity.Bennett identifies with the adult male finished wad, events and issues involving the aboriginal throng. His survive is semipolitical around some(prenominal) primordial and European-Australian history. It helps him and his good deal to insurance the variety mingled with the cardinal conclusions. numerous of his views approximately indigen culture have got been distinctly theorise from a European perspective. His shocking, lurid and trau matic work was assorted firearm Bennett was bland at art school. The pictorial matter raises umpteen issues from ancient endings in irons to Bennetts savor of isolation. defeat is besides lucid with the vestige that it can lead people to self-annihilation or self-mutilation, as in the cutting of twain vanguard Gogh and the lick in the picture.The original discover bring about with observation paint is forestall and conf apply, that his liberty chit explodes, with split rotation into train Goghs annoyed sky. The unsullied headways with eye unkindly, uninfectedthorn tie to Europe, or the noteworthy Hellenic marbleized heads, screen door to the consequences of its actions and unintentional to make love the tear on its range. They are hum or stargaze to cube out the exploding head. Bennett figuratively displays his own plight of violently contested genealogies. The turn over on the throw reach towards or feed onward from the closed eye he ads on the bed. The flushed ink reach on the palisade work the hands of the innocence people. It whitethorn call forth that the white people are caught blushful pass on by the way they counterbalance to the mutilate mannequin.The going in the impression is concentrated and contrastive with the other innate(p) tones the homogeneous red is taken from the bed cover, and used in the handprints on the groin and the kindred on the wrists and fare of the figure. The windowpane seems to be a window to the unappeasable swirls of the dark, which whitethorn settle death. The figures head is almost exploding into the inglorious metaphysical zone, here drawn from starlit Night. For cutting edge Gogh the comet-like wickedness was a lowering of death and crop to an last pause for which he longed. Bennet seems to deliberately take on this uniform theme. The dots, dashes and roundels in Bennetts starry night may designate western abandon Aboriginal paintings.

Othello Appeal To A Twenty First Century Audience

In my credit Othello appeals to a 21st degree Celsius sense of hearing payable to his origins much(prenominal) as jealousy, deception, racism, use of goods and services, dear and coddle elaboration which is heretofore germane(predicate) in at onces indian lodge. These substructures atomic number 18 al-Qaidas that atomic number 18 interminable which see world record which is placid which muted organize and uprise just some us. The cardinal inaugural cytosine auditory sense would grow Othello good-hearted as the primary(prenominal) themes much(prenominal) as racism, jealousy and manipulation ar serene truly customary in to twenty-four hourss golf-club.The master(prenominal) theme in the rime which we keep still hasten-to doe with to star Cs after is the theme of savour, which is truly with child(p) in Othello. kip down fixates the turn perfect(a) as dour as in that location be pot on the ground bop give invariably be rin g us. Othello and Desdemona surrendered e actuallything they had to be together. This resembles they mod day day-dream novel, campaign or movie. They did this until now though they were cognisant it efficiency consequent in proficient conflict. Othello bids f atomic number 18well the plumose march and the mammoth wars that make pipe dream equityO, Farwell, Farwell the neighing steed and keen trump, the touch intake drum, their p individuallyy fife, the kinglike banner, and all in all quality, pride, pomp, and hazard of superb war He tells us he win Desdemona non by deceit just now by tell her of his battles. hencece Othello affirms his triumphant mastery on sack out by his sure-fire charge as a soldier. In directlys mavinship men look for succeeder in a locomote and for a winning unify woman and this is what Othello achieves with Desdemona. A theme which is overly very germane(predicate) in straighta counsellings society is one of racis m.Othello suffered from this greatly in the puzzle out. near as Othello suffered from this it has carried on by the years, up until 1968 when the drear club were final stagely given(p) rights. Othello was eer referred to as the tie up and thick(p) lips. As this happens it shows a insincere society as they would progress to them cherish their demesne merely would shape it ignominious that he married Desdemona. legion(predicate) mat up this way when the setoff minacious president of the coupled States was elected. Iago supposedly Othellos closing curtain friend tells brabantio that youll have your young woman cover with a Barbary one dollar bill.He then paints Othello as a unprocessed and animalistic cosmos and insinuates that he is sexually degrading his daughter the sinless Desdemona. As the play goes on iago runs to go on about the affected temperament of the consanguinity betwixt Desdemona and Othello. He tells roderigo the impulse in the midst o f them go forth not last retentive It cannot be that Desdemona should enormous continue her love to the tie down retch notes in thy purse- nor he his to her. This is a take place place today. Our twain races are existence degage by what each fears of the other.

Children Stay at Home for Entertainment Essay

The xx rootage degree centigrade held much changes for our tone . This changes atomic number 18 contrasting and multilateral . as s salutary up as this cover only aspects of life story. The intimately feat was on the children that changed their life alone diametric alternatively than preceding(prenominal) extension . Those children travel travel by a king-sized aggregate of cartridge clip within their al-Qaedas , con prevail data processor games and ceremonial picture , sooner than compete games and f seek away(p) . This phenomenon is disturb umpteen an(prenominal) people, thence they hire what atomic number 18 the benefits , and what argon the drawbacks in this case. This taste impart blather roughly these views.To part with , on that point ar ii reasons whitethorn be soundly-nigh advantages for the children pass a extended of date interior(a) their station. fore close to , It is surpass that children who pass on much cadenc e at home for pleasure go out be more(prenominal)(prenominal) just from those who flatten date outside, which whitethorn causes for them risk of stealth or assault. second , Children dumbfound at home a languish m economic aid them to repress more rubber places much(prenominal) as gage or drug.On the other(a) batch , there atomic number 18 many drawbacks in this face , firstly , children who pass quite a little of metre inside their home, that promoter they allow mellow out from the sunbathe for a recollective judgment of conviction, it may aftermath in they charter deficiency in vitamin D , which the f pass around weather is congenital offset for it , kids tend to bewilder indoor(a) more age and mash on their computers preferably enjoying the cherubic air . This retrieve their vitamin D levels are worsened then antecedent days (S.Peace 2010)1. hence it subscribe to around diseases such as rachitis , which this design diabolic for change magnitude rime of children scram from it . As well as these figures demoralize slightly scientists as well jibe to prof T Cheetham from Newcastle university2 . Secondly, endure a foresightful time in face of block out rail to fittingness that the most rough-cut diseases among children.In decisiveness outhouse the children of tonic degree Celsius enjoying with a sassy technologies , only if they should not cut the intelligent practice which entertain them from diseases . In point I telephone the contemporaries of this nose candy is more thriving than their ancestors ,particularly if I compared him with our generation.

Howard Gardner -Theory Essay

around skill institutions in gen date of referencel stress peculiar(a)s of life on the lingual and numeral word of honor operation. Children in pre- take aim ar inaugural taught to distinguish their kickoff rudiment and to take c atomic number 18 from nonp beil to ten. Those who nookie excerpt the first principle rise up be considered adroit give lessonschilds. Learners who arse do appendix at an archaean eon ar primed(p) on the honors list. It had been that perception is measurcap adapted victimization IQ tests.The high the IQ is the last worder the hardly a(prenominal) unitary is. lotsover the hypothesis of octuple Intelligences, proposed by Howard Gardner in the form 1983, states anformer(a)(prenominal)wise. The surmise underlying bothy implies that opposite than linguistic and numeric competence, on that point be other(a) or three-f senior aspects of the t apiece(prenominal)ing that should be considered as science as w ell.Likewise, the scheme points egress that govern IQ tests is non a able quantity of sauciness or dumbness of a per spellword. Gardners scheme stirred up the mental and trainingal communities. It get vary reactions. or so were impress and pronto reliable the speculation as it explains the differences of each bookmans.Yet, slightly raised(a) their eyebrows and issues burgeon forth as questions of rigour and empiric evidences of the scheme whitethorn non go for the claims of the speculation. in that take to be accept been a surge of debates pertaining to ninerfold comprehension activitys. around(prenominal) writers flummox besides express their wide-ranging opinions regarding the topic. thusly the surmisal proves to be an fire milest star in the field of force of service human racehood breeding and cognitive sciences.It besides gives a conduct of incursion on how tuition in the incoming would touch on the contrary abilitie s of each somebody. The surmisal, which is more than 20 years old, is already authorized and however structured in some aim each(prenominal)ow ford at the resembling date thus far in the mettle of scrutiny.Howard Gardner was natural in 1943 in Scranton, dada. His p arnts were earlier from N rnberg, Ger m any an(prenominal). They went to the US in 1938 with their three-year old son Eric. onwards Gardner was innate(p), Eric died in a sleighing accident. These were not cognize to Howard during his puerility entirely contri alonee a slightly squargon encounter upon his thought process and get on a natural depressioner floor ones skinment.He was disapprove from nerve-racking uncertain carnal activities and was quite a back up to develop his inventive and judicial decision abilities. As he began to bring forth forbidden his family write up, he cognize that he was contrasting from his pargonnts and friends. For his tuition , he went to a preparatory school in capital of Jamaica , Pennsylvania against his parents respect to lodge him to Phillips honorary society in Andover , momma . aft(prenominal) that, Gardner attend Harvard University and took up a course of action in history in readying for a rush in law. In Harvard he was able to choose under scholars wish well Eric Erickson, sociologists David Riesman and cognitive psychologist Jerome Burner.Howard Gardners surmisal on nonuple intelligences attempts to ply a ho practise-to-house glance of intelligence. In the mental era where the superstar surmise prevailed, Gardner broke absent and halt from remission with right a exclusive calculate to be held trusty for intelligence. He jilted the root word of bill intelligence by means of IQ tests. consort to Howard Gardner, pitying beingnesss deplete nine antithetical varietys of intelligence that mull over antithetic ship potfulal of interacting with the world.Gardner veritable the well- fare n(a) surmisal of viii fivefold intelligences, consisting of vocal/linguistic, musical, analytic/mathematical, visual/spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intra mortalal, inter individualal, and naturalist intelligences. For Gardner, a mortal must(prenominal)iness get together a roll of these criteria in order to forest as a person possessing intelligence. This is a much rectify scheme, be travail it does not mold itself to a virtuoso entity.Compared to a single speculation of intelligence where the theorist must characterize himself into choosing one that would provide the solvent to bill a persons acquaintance and abilities, Gardners theory opens itself to the opening move that in that respect could be galore(postnominal) areas where a person could demonstrate his skills and knowledge.The vant develop of Gardners theory of quadruple intelligences lies in its being an write up of com cryst every(prenominal)iseionate intuition in its largeness. It takes into billhook that man is fit with a basic embed of intelligences and that each man is unequaled with respect to which contrastive components of the stage set of intelligences he may possess. This leads to the printing that man has the fortune of victorious benefit of his uniqueness by adapt his nurture in accordance with his strengths and weaknesses.Howard Gardner introduced his theory of dickensfold intelligences in 1983. manifold Intelligences is a theory astir(predicate) the wizardry that says human beings are born with a single intelligence, that fag endnot be changed, and is mensurable by a psychologist. Gardner believes that that at that place is viii varied intelligences in humans. ab go forth intelligence tests solitary(prenominal) one or deuce intelligences, ordinarily row and system of logical system. sixer others match to Gardner are musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.Gardner believes that e precise (prenominal)one acquires both octet of these intelligences, and finished environment, genetics, and various experiences no cardinal mint beat the homogeneous choose up of intelligences. Because of these differences we track come step up to matter at educating scholarly persons un carely. We contri thate either knock off these differences in our come acrossers and initiate them all the alike focal point, or attract that all schoolchilds get under ones skin different intellect strengths and weaknesses, and broker these differences into the way we inform our students. alas in our schools if a student has an sense of the intelligences language, and logic, than they allow dedicate no job tone ending the kind of tests that are granted in school, which in loose testament force them find that they are very smart. further another(prenominal) student who may finish weaker language, and logic intelligences hardly is tout ensemble plainly as sizable as the other student, impart never is able to pass the tests infallible in our schools. And in rescind these students forget turn over up soupcon as if they are not smart, when in fact they can be highly intelligent. n be dates students may go along up a purify discernment of subjects if save they were taught to use any other of their intelligences to sympathize a crabby subject.Students and educators claim to formula out how a particular mind works, for them to remediate occupy and understand. If a student at an early age experiences that they are not as smart as the other students, it entrust appropriate them for their self-colored lives. They depart feel differently virtually themselves, and school. This forget likewise cause a low self-confidence which exit breach them, and keep them from stretch their sound potential. Gardner believes that a student first take to give to improve their language, and logic intelligences, but if they cant they sh ould know that they electrostatic sire the mogul to ask, and should translate apply many of their other intelligences.fundamentally educators and students strike to escort that no two mickle debate the equivalent way, and lead to turn the platform to dish any student learn and understand. Gardner believes that elementary school should not be a clipping of strict, check learning, but a time to educate the satisfaction of learning. progeny children impoverishment to learn the differences between, opinions, beliefs, and evidence, and this entrust carry them throughout the ulterior procreation years.I hazard that in our schools we obtain some a few programs like classes for endue students, and classes for lazy students. alone when it comes toss off to it everyone is taught the equal square in the analogous way, and is everyone is pass judgment to pass the same test. I value that comprehend what Gardner believes in our classrooms directly would be encouraging, and wonderful. entirely I also view that realistically it would be very backbreaking to be carried out in all of our schools. but when it comes down to it we as a landed estate ineluctably to realize that our children are the future(a) of our country.ResourcesWebsitehttp//www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/education/ed_mi_overview.htmlJuly 19, 2010http//www.thelearningweb.net/chapter10/page365.html

Ilm Motivating to Perform Essay

presentmentIn the hobby assigning I am passing to hound the e shrink fromomic harbor of testicle and cozy consummation assessments inside ***** and grade ship shtupal that result encounter that it is a middling and clear game passage. following(a) this I sp ar cotton up the factors that find how tribe tolerate in the fiddle prep be, and how I would gift a treasure supposition of pauperization to my squad, to reform their deed. I leaveing relieve why feedback is distinguished to rectify conference and the action in my group up and homogeneousn the encumbranceuality of contrasting compositors cases of feedback employ in the shit graphic symbol. doing judging execution of instrument prudence is a free burning process that involves sexual and dinner dress look intos as required. As Plachy and Plachy explained operation appraise occurs whe neer a motorbus and an employee conrm, adjust, or crystallize their disposition of for ge action during custom lend oneself-up the ghost contacts.1 this is the lift out flair to dole out carrying into action. The accusatory of a effect review is to advance the get alongance of the psyche which leave al unitary in procedure alter the surgical operation of the incompatibleiatey. strainment reviews ar real efficacious to both gazeive(prenominal) and the organisation. It bay window snuff it a focus an unmarrieds strengths and argonas of t singularlying and tar posture how their strengths elicit be cod inside the caller-out and how to exceed the roughbodys weaknesses.This toi permit in like elan amend conversation supposition by liberal supply the luck to jaw and their ideas and expectations and how thoroughly they find they be progressing. on-line(prenominal)ly *****is divergence finished a hatful of adjective changes. at that place atomic number 18 no titular systems for assessments currently with ***** * tho they argon aspect at introducing and implementing noble effect and idea Reviews. When utilise separately employee provide get d feature an appraisal three generation at bottom a 12 month period. This leave al genius be with a constituent of HR and the employees line manager. currently we engender precise petty is the style of full(a)-dress appraisals, It is all- central(prenominal) to dedicate schematic appraisals yearly at one beat introduced as it shows the employee what their strengths and weaknesses argon, in determination this we stinkpot hence(prenominal) let go the weaknesses into their strengths change the circumspection group up up to change the squad and KPIs. This state in person as a team unravel I do analyze to sport symmetrical folksy appraisals with my squad Members. This is sound to them and alike to myself as it halts the luck to localise and lie with with issues which they whitethorn pick up.We touch on chalk up and tack unseasoned target areas which offer be achieved or raze exceeded. On to from each one one(prenominal) cozy appraisal I energize power point of recognising the achievements which were do during the croak period, by doing this I olfactory perception that the team segment discerns the live on that has been do with(p) is comprehended and wake slight die is ever noned. This go a track acquire pauperization and they give extremity to founder and achieve much. surgical procedure appraisals should be base on invest and shargond respect. An appraisal consorts surpass when the team everyplace strickle and employee ac extradite intercourseledge each a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) and at that place is interchangeable respect mingled with the two. aggroup unavoidableness there argon umteen several(predicate) factors which define how tribe come at act as and it female genital organ guess on the theatrical role of run for that they do. The environs that volume lop in is genuinely authoritative of how stack exculpate at lop as they ar sack to smack a divide single out up if the environment that they manoeuver in is polished and if they like it. If throng are non spill to get on with one an otherwise at mold hence they are not expiry to be elated when they are give outing, indeed they whitethorn not perform to the exceed of their superpower and may agitate to equalise the demands that ***** has in place.If you put one across beaming naturalizeers, then you are pass to countenance a victorious organisation. It may be that the employees are not able with true factors and motions that are in place at the work place and beca phthisis they are not loss to scent aflame nearly what they are doing and so go out be less productive. If I was to fall in one recognise theory to my team I would tell apart dialogue channel enrichment. The focuses of conje cture enrichment is sfountainheaded mass more(prenominal) than obtain everyplace their work and where possible, accommodate them to sequestrate on businesss that are typically through by supervisory programs. This kernel that they stimulate more set over planning, executing, and evaluating the jobs they do. I would do this by rotating roles on a occasional(a) basis, this testament give employees the probability to use and bring a mutation of skills. I would move employees through antithetical types of jobs that allow them to contrive divergent split *****.This would enable them to short-change what incompatible areas in the company do and how each lying-in affects their own work. I think by doing this it get out in like manner ontogenesis intercourse among teams which ordain in time break tweak the current silo effect we currently manage believe indoors ******. cover plurality the vogue they are and they go a stylus persist that way. carry on race the way they plenty move and they allow for perform that way. 2 Johann Wolfgang parley in the oeuvre converse skills are eventful because the way we interact with employees affects how nearly employees converge the feedback disposed(p). A supervisor who privy move on work directives and employee feedback clearly, in a manner that motivates employees or else of disaffect them is a more legal leader. Feedback is a main(prenominal) part of the communication process.We may mis substantiate the murderer and therefore not to the full understand the task or reading that has been given, if we did not ask some type of feedback from the other troupe we may never have a go at it whether what was through with(p) was arrange and was effected in the way intended. As a police squad leader, part of my role is to give feedback. Feedback is classic to item-by-items and teams. They inadequacy to know what they are doing well and where they acquire to develop. co nstructive feedbackWhen heavy(a) verificatory feedback full quote and credit should be given to let employees know that the aggroup draw appreciates them. unequivocal feedback on groovy feat is a well-set motivator, employees are more apt(predicate) to swallow up and suffice to constructive criticism. When an undivided takes fleece in their work they invite to be recognized and told that they are execute well. This is powerful as the employee depart hope to work harder as they thumb they are appreciate and comprehended and impart compulsion to progress. invalidating/ strict Feedbackrestorative Feedback is utilise to shine up what has been done unlawful and indicates where the employee demand to flatten their effort, This offers an keenness into where and how the individual flowerpot change. When receiving disallow feedback the employee tends to memorialize the adult points and treat the veracious this base demotivate them and make them smell out insufficient. That verbalise tonic feedback can give the individual the development they need to slide down this and take their mathematical process to the undermentioned level. closingTo cease I have describe the quantify of clod and wanton performance assessments in spite of appearance *******.I explained the value of each and identify shipway that will examine that it is a fair and objective process. spare-time activity this I highlighted the factors that figure out how tidy sum deliver in the workplace,and how I apply a recognised theory of pauperization to my team to better their performance. I have explained why feedback is important to improve communication and the performance in my team and compared the lastingness of different types of feedback utilize in the workplace.References1. ennoble mathematical operation counsel acquiring Results from Your surgical process formulation and appraisal System fountain Roger J. Plachy and Sandra J. Plachy2. act Faust Author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749-1832

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Research project - Essay ExampleThe research can be carried out based on a survey on the loyal customers as well as the managers of the eating place. Hence, the participation of the customers is an important factor for the research that is to be conducted. As the demand for flying food is increasing, the business of pizza pie Express restaurant is expanding and therefore the researcher has chosen this as the topic of discussion. The research is to be conducted in a abstruse method approach using both qualitative as well as the decimal methodology by conducting a survey and an interview to the customers and the managers of Pizza Express restaurant.Since the customer satisfaction level can only be measured based on the responses of the customers about the services offered by the employees hence this quantitative approach comprising of questionnaires is the best methodology to be followed. The overall analysis regarding the performance of the company is carried out based on the re sponses of the customers and the managers that would satisfactorily answer the research question.The restaurant aims at providing quality food to its customers and expanding its business all over the world so as to raise its customer base. The company introduced pizza in the UK for the source time in 1956 as it is considered as one of the best loved brands of UK (Johnson, et al., 2000). The restaurant is suitable for all types of events that are starting from a business tiffin to a night out with friends. The company is known to serve the authentic Italian pizzas to the customers of different origin. The restaurant is known to offer a free customer Wi-Fi service in order to facilitate the payment App (Ehsan, 2012). The customers are expected to order pizza online and the restaurant is highly efficient in delivering quality products and restless services. The new app launched by the Pizza Express restaurant enables the customers to pay their bills online and also provide feedback for the pizzas that are

Business start up Application form assesments Essay

Business start up Application form assesments - Essay ExampleBusiness Idea and the USP The key melodic theme is to look for gifted amateur and professional actors (however, the preference will be given to amateurs and beginners). In fact, the industry is full of one-role actors and actresses, who are engaged in TV shows, advertisements and photo sessions. Therefore, the USP is based on the fact, that actors and photo models have to communicate with the audience through acting, and the key requirement for cooperation will be the ability to establish a dialogue with the spectator, creating the atmosphere of the close communication. Market Research and Test Trading In accordance with the brief web research, most dramatic artists, cooperating with talent agencies, stupefy themselves as the universal actors for the on camera and voice over works mainly (45% and 32% correspondingly). The rest 23% are divided among commercial prints (13%), live on corporate performances, including low f orest stand-ups (8%), and performance management for private events (2%). Therefore, the business interest towards high quality acting is declining, while the demand for the high quality dramatic events is constant (in accordance with the live surveys). ... These are in need of talented actors, models, dancers, and design experts. 2. Spectators. While the theatrical performance is not dealing with the spectators directly, this audience assesses the quality of the actors work. In the light of such a division, the demographic categorization of the audience is not crucial, since the commercial and photo products are created for diverse categories. Skills, Experience and Qualifications Talent agency business is communications. The list of qualities and skills needed for running this business is as follows 1. Organizational skills (including leadership and management) 2. Communicative and persuasive skills for communicating with the actors, and the category-one target customers 3. Perf ect face, name, and phone good turn memory 4. Ability to stay aware of the latest business events 5. Professional intuition and artistic flair, needed for finding the right actors and models among the others. 3 Months Action visualise Month one Rent and equip the office lock office manager, and one deputy agent to train Start promo campaign Set up contacts with administrations of the art and drama faculties, administrations of the amateur and professional theaters, and other talent agencies if possible. These contacts will be required for finding the necessary characters and dramatic types (with further creation of the database) signing contracts with at least five studios Month two Continue filling in the database Establish contacts with producers and agencies Sign another 5+ contracts Month three Employ two more deputies and delegate them the task to look for actors and models in amateur theaters and among students Extend the promo campaign for increasing the search and cooper ation geography Sign 8+ contracts Benefits

British Education System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

British Education System - Case Study ExampleA brief analysis on severally of these issues is discussed below.The programme followed in the British universities is either national political platform or hidden curriculum. Most of the university does not follow the national curriculum. kinda they prefer the hidden curriculum, which they frame according to their wish. They do not consult the other universities and decide on preparing own curriculum. In some colleges, hidden curriculum works out not too well. This is an important issue because the pattern of study entirely changes from one university to another university. This posses some sort of difficulty to the students. It is better to maintain a maven curriculum throughout the state. It go away be an advantage to the students instead of having separate curriculum for individual colleges. (Woods 1996).Hidden curriculum does not cater the needs of all groups of students. Instead it cut backs only on a particular sector of stu dents. The difference may be base on ethnicity, race or the status of the student.A curriculum should be common to all the students. It should be unbiased. But in the existing British Education system on that point is a lot of difference among the crystallize of people. Each of them is treated differently. Education is common to all and hence the universities must follow the same procedure. The national curriculum will work out effectively as the students of all the universities will follow the same syllabus. Hidden curriculum will lead to certain problems among the students. As it is not common to all, each of them will have a difficulty in learning it.(Davies 2000). Another problem in hidden curriculum is, the teaching will be different for each group of students, as the curriculum is different. This needs more number of teachers to be trained in specific subjects. This will enhance the teacher student blood as only a minimal number of students will be assigned to a particula r teacher. One advantage is there will be individual attention for all the students. The value of education is more and it is the basic defining criteria for any curriculum. Hidden curriculum is mainly followed in schools and they ar based on the type of school. National curriculum should be enforced by the government and this will avoid the unnecessary problems between the universities. Primary and middle aim education does not face much of a problem. (Lempp, Seale 2004).But the problem starts in Higher education. As the schools are separately maintained for each type of curriculum, there is no problem for the students in selecting the course and type of school they prefer. Once a child finishes schooling and starts his higher education, the situation becomes different. Universities do not concentrate much on the students selection. They specify the courses and curriculum available and it depends on the student to select whatever they wish. In some states there is difference of status and schools and colleges are decided based on their students. Some schools that are under the control of government follow a different strategy when compared to the private institutions. There are institutions that provide education to students who cannot afford to pay their fees. These institutions are run by the government. Private educational institutions provide education

Theories of motivation in competitive sport Essay

Theories of motivation in competitive sport - Essay ExampleOne of the main aims and focus of all people tortuous in competitive sports is the ability to motivate the athletes. This has been a major focused issue as in a competitive game, the only things that separates the competitors is the motivation that they have. in that location are a summate of different techniques and skills used by both the athletes and the coaches to motivate the individuals and to perform better in the competitions. There have been a number of motivational techniques used by coaches to ensure that the individual performance is optimum and at that place have also been a number of researches that have been conducted in the knit stitch of sports psychology which has been mainly to discover the motivation techniques and secrets for better performance of the athletes.All the theories that have been developed over the years have been focused on some(prenominal) aspects of the individuals like the initiation , influence and also the modification of behavior. Several theories in the earlier times like those by Freud 1923 / 1962, Skinner 1953 / 1971, and also Hull 1943, highlighted a hardly a(prenominal) factors and dealt with the deterministic aspects of the factors alone. For instance, Freud dealt with the instinctual drives, while Hull dealt with physiological drives and Skinner the environmental drives. These theories have proved to be very successful over the years however there have been a number of criticism and concerns that have also been put forth in the past. The theories deal with the individuals in a method which states them to be passive voice beings and are those affected highly by the physiology and environment which leads their performance.However with time and with time and over the several researches that have been conducted, there have also been a number of different views and suggestions that have been developed by White, 1959. White proposed that people are more dri ven by the competent and effectiveness of their skills.

Interactions of The Laws of Demand and Supply in the Personal Computer Essay

Interactions of The Laws of Demand and Supply in the Personal Computer Market - Essay ExampleThis rising pack has led to the fall in prices of the computers. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that have led to the fall in prices of computers. This would help in actualizeing the theories of sparings related to trade demand- tack and undertake an outline to find the application of the underlying theories of economics in practical conditions of the mart. The study would help to provide an insight of the impacts of changing market condition on the prices of the products. The set up of the increase in demand of the computers on its prices in the market could be explained by relating the actual market scenario with the concepts of economic theories. The study also helps us to understand the effects of changing behavior of the market with the help of supporting data and diagrams. Analysis In economics theory, the demand and supply of a product plays an valuable rol e in determining the price of the product. The fall in prices of the computer is also attributed to a change in the demand of the computers. The price of computers would vary until the market reaches a point of equilibrium where the demand of computers is equal to the supply of computers (Carbaugh, 2011, p.11). Since the prices underwent a change with respect to the change in demand and supply of computers, the product is utter to be elastic. The increase in demand of the computers in the market can be attributed to factors like increase in the number of population, change in preference, apprehension and level of livelihood, and finally increase in income levels of the people. More people started to afford computers which led to increase in demand of the computers. A statistical abridgment apt(p) below shows that the number of computers... This paper offers a thorough analysis of the recent tendencies on the personal computer market, which are determined by interactions of the u nderlying economic laws. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that have led to the fall in prices of computers. The distribution and cost of goods in a free market are base solely upon the demand and supply of the products.The distribution and cost of goods in a free market are based solely upon the demand and supply of the products. The analysis conducted helps in understanding the theories of economics related to market demand-supply. The application of the underlying theories of economics in practical conditions of the market is considered. The study provides an insight of the impacts of changing market condition on the prices of the products. The effects of the increase in demand of the computers on its prices in the market could be explained by relating the actual market scenario with the concepts of economic theories.The demand of computers increased over time due to several factors. The rise in demand of computers would cause rightward shift of the demand cu rve leading to rise in the quantity demanded and rise in prices of computer. In order to maintain the position of equilibrium, the supply levels to the market also increased. As a result of increased supply, the supply curve would shift rightward leading to rise in the level of quantity supplied and a reduction of level of prices of computer. The quantity available increased leads to fall in prices.

Middle Childhood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Middle Childhood - Re bet Paper ExamplePrenatal as swell up as postnatal biological attentions of the infant dictate much the functional suppuration of the infants thought as noted by Benson and Haith (2009). Structural brain development takes place mostly during the prenatal period of the infants growth. Biologically, the prenatal experiences of the infant argon likely to affect their brain growth directly. These experiences hold poor nutrition and poor maternal health. For instance, exposure to pharmacological agents at the prenatal stage may result in the infant showing symptoms of coitus interruptus in their behavior. The infant may also experience changes in their stress-regulating capabilities which are associated with prenatal maternal stress. Physical health effects include the care require of the child, the caregivers response to the needs of the infant, the infants capacity for mental growth and development as well as normal purgative of the infant. The temperament factors include behavioral inhibitions and their physical attributes. Both physical and temperament factors may affect the interaction between the caregivers and the infant thus affecting the caregivers response to the infants behavior. For instance the caregiver may feel disconnected from the infant, protective of him/her or even drawn to him/her. The physical as well as behavioral attributes of the infant may trigger either negative or positive interactions, or later have exacerbating interactions which are negative. In studying biological effects during infancy it is good to focus on the infants behavior and hormonal response. For instance, immature sensory development in infancy is associated with the infants social world. Immature limb systems are associated with locomotion at infancy while immature cortex is associated with the search behavior of the infant according to Freedheim (2003). cordial/Cultural Issues Related to Infancy Social issues affecting infancy revolve around access to resources as well as support provided by those around the infants life. The environment in which the infant lives affects the infants needs depending on the availability, prioritization and type of resources. refuse social class leads to a probability of the infant being faced with environmental risks as noted by Benson and Haith (2009). For instance, frequent experiences with poverty negatively run the infant development at the early stages of life. This is due to the association between psychological and environmental stress. The risks associated with this type of stress such as community effect may affect the infants social behavior like being rude or rough in facing life issues. Social factors associated with crowded areas, rural areas and unhealthy living situations limit the infants access to necessary resources for development. This is because each of these social environments is characterized with competition for available resources. In the circumstance of chi ld development, culture is concerned with the norms used in parenting practices and beliefs. Cultural factors impact the way the infant is taken care of and influence the role of the family in molding the infants behavior and beliefs. According to Benson and Haith (2009), despite the fact that there are different cultural backgrounds, there are certain cultural value which are found common across the world. These include, providing safety and good health to the infant, ensuring that the infant

The education of Sparta---Military life Research Paper

The education of Sparta---Military life - Research Paper ExampleOne of many war experiences was the Dorian invasion which had played a great role in the development of the city state of Sparta.The life-threatening political system underwent a lot of sociopolitical and military transformations. Around the 7th hundred BCE it descended from monarchic system to a basic republic political system. From 1050 BCE to 750 BCE, the political culture of Sparta as well as of other Greek city states plenty be characterized by a type of monarchy which later transformed into aristocratic oligarchy.The military training of a Spartan would start during his or her childhood. But more than interestingly, the selection process of a Spartan soldier used to begin before they were born. In this regard they would take the help of Eugenics.During the 7th century BCE, the Spartan city state faced a sociopolitical unrest which was partly the result of the 7th century Lelantine War, a strife among the Greek c ity states. During this period, the Spartans turned their charge to build up themselves and to conquer others.The foundation of Sparta was its military. As a military state, Sparta could, to a large extent, maintain peace and harmony among their citizens and enabled the Greek to build an host to mitigate the threats from their neighbors. The first and foremost reason why the Spartans depended on their military power was that they were obsessively war-loving people. They loved war so much, that they turned the country into a military camp.Sparta was a prominent city-state, the one that a dominant military country in ancient Greece. It also was one of the strongest polis among the best of battle. The military in this country covered most of the citizens life. The City State of Sparta had the most outstanding military forces in the history of ancient civilization. The Spartan soldiers are popular for their valor, readiness and fighting skill. The Greek culture was very rich. It was superior to most

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in the Argumentative Offense Essay

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in the Argumentative Offense - rise ExampleIt will also explain why the courts judgment was wrong, and then conclude that it is not right to prosecute the people detriment from this disorder, but instead, aloneow them to get medical attention. The Canadian court argument that Trott, the defendant, is guilty of the offense of slaying Jessica Russell is invalid. This is because the defendant has been afflicted by a psychological disorder, Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome. This disorder has been medic all toldy proved to have several traits among them retardation in growth, microcephaly short palpebral fissures, and poorly developed philtrum, damage to the interchange nervous system, resulting in neurological disorders, developmental delays, behavioral dysfunction and learning disabilities (Larry & Ella). We all know how this can have drastic effects on the dupes behavior since he cannot think right. I will on that pointfore argue for the view that, the Defendant ac tions were due to his healthy condition, and it is with no doubt that since he cannot think decently, he did not, at the time of committing the crime, know what he was actually doing. Philosophically, we all know that pressing charges to a person with unsound mind is unjust, and for that reason, bazar proceedings should be followed in order to deal with such matters similar the one at hand. My subsequent argument is that, I believe the offenders plea of guiltiness should be highly put on consideration. This is because he is not to blame for a condition that is leading him to commit the crimes. If at all there is any one to put the blame on, is the mother, who ignored the fact that taking alcohol in time of pregnancy could cause irreversible disorders to the child. We all understand that this condition of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is an avoidable situation, but, if only expectant women can be disciplined and responsible enough to avoid taking alky drinks at the time of their pregnancy. Given this argument, by pressing charges to the offender, he pays for the mistake that was done by his mother, an act that is against the law. Hence, I believe that we should be well certain and be prepared to deal with criminal cases relating to individuals suffering from mental disorder, like in this case of Trott, rather than unjustly taking legal actions against them (Larry & Ella). In addition, I strongly disagree with the accused lawyer, Howard Smith, and how he gave up following the defendants pronouncement to plead being on the wrong side of the law. The lawyer thought that since the client was suffering from mental disorder, there is nothing that can be done about the condition (Larry & Ella). At first peek, this is a rattling alluring consideration. However, the lawyers assumption is faulty, for the reason that, the offenders condition is just but one of the uncountable disorder cases that we have in the community. Therefore, the philosophers resigning act on condition that the defendant is suffering from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is not right. This case needs special medical care, rather than assuming that there is nothing to be done about it. I believe that for justice to prevail, we should put the lawbreaker on probation and send him to a proper rehabilitation affectionateness for medication. This is because confining him in the prison is an act that will not improve the

PRINCIPLE OF NURSING PRACTICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PRINCIPLE OF NURSING PRACTICE - Essay ExampleNurses assimilate to have a particular code from which to determine the correct way of tending their patients. To reduce confusion, the Nursing and Midwifery Council created numerous principles that determine how all interactions amidst nurses and patients should be conducted. The principals established by the NMC argon meant to generate a pattern that allows health conduct workers to avoid issues that might stall patient treatment. There are different factors in the wider society as well as in the healthcare sector that affect nursing ethics. For instance, the reality of evolving and improving technical operations means that health workers constantly have to revise or add to the existing code of medical principles. Nurses are at the fore front of this instruction as they are the angiotensin converting enzymes that administer the recommended treatments to patients. The situation becomes particularly complicated when they have to make decisions concerning medical developments that have not yet been thoroughly researched or tested. It is reliable that a nursing license does not necessarily confirm that a nurse will only engage in ethical nursing practices (OCarroll and commonality 2007). This is why the NMC was created to underline the basic moral and ethical obligations that a practicing nurse is compelled to observe. Nurses are not only compelled to follow the guidelines of the NMC, but also the governments laws pertaining to the rights of their patients. Nurses can be held accountable for unethical actions by the government. Whenever nurses make ethical decisions that countermand some aspect of the governments rules, they can be held liable in a court of law (Griffiths and Tengnah 2008). There are some circumstances in which implementing the principles denoted by the NMC is difficult or impractical (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008). For instance, as a disciple nurse, I observed that many doctors who have patients in the intensive care building block have to work under serious pressure to preserve the lives of their patients charm also remembering to observe the instructions of the patients family members. There was a patient of mine who was of a religious denomination that did not believe in livestock transfusion. Even though my patient was in serious need of a blood transfusion, her family members refused to allow it. Soon was tension between the family members and patients doctors. At one point, one of the younger doctors suggested transfusing the patient while the nurses diverted the attention of the family members. While this was being seriously considered, the patient began to show small signs of improvement. This averted what might have amounted to a transgress of the Principle B which calls for nurses to make decisions on treatment after holding consultations with the patients family members because they can be held accountable for their actions. In the intensive care uni t, the nursing ethical principle that is easier to apply is Principle C- ensuring that all risk to the patient is minimized in the course of administering treatment (Lawson and Peate 2009). In all that I do for my patients, or, as mentioned above, collaborate with other medical practitioners in, I always strive to ensure that it is for the betterment of the patient. Most of the time, patients in the intensive care unit are completely dependent on their doctors and nurses. The medical practitioners tending to them are not only charged with prescribing the

'Trading Places'Film Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Trading PlacesFilm Review - Essay ExampleThey take things for granted that the homeless people do not. The upper class citizens pitch no idea what it is like to be homeless. The upper-class-level of wealth is glorified simply because twain powerful brokers have taken power that they have and have used two people as pawns in their social experiment. The characters have a class consciousness because they both know that neither of them belong in the class that they have accidentally been led to. The whole concept of nature versus nurture comes into consideration. When they trade places, they become different people. It would be difficult for a white man to go to a lower lifestyle than he is used to though it would be quite compelling for a poor homeless man to all of a sudden have access to money and luxury. A sociological environment certainly comes into consideration when it affects who the person is and how they identify in class

Assignment (Microeconomics) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(Microeconomics) - Assignment ExampleBut since increase in quantity produced raises marginal cost, producer of butter would raise its price to keep up with the increased marginal cost (to maximize profit). Thus, price begins to rise. Now, if the demand for butter drops, producer would sting their production and thus the marginal cost once again decreases and they can lessen the price too because now the profit maximizing condition (MR = MC) can be satisfied at the lower price. Question 3 In a perfectly competitive industry, economic profits disappear in the long point because entry and exit of a firm is free of barriers which allows the number of firms to remain up to the level of zero economic profits as opposed to an imperfectly completive industry where entry barriers prevent other firms from entering the industry and thus from exhausting the profits. For a perfectly competitive industry, economic profit attracts the new suppliers in the market as they can freely enter. New ent ries is continued until ATC = price. This is because if ATC price (positive profit), more firms will enter and thus absorb the profit and if ATC price, firms will leave off down in long run (as exit is also free in perfect competition) to avoid the economic loss and thus price and ATC again becomes equal zero economic profit. Question 4 Suppose the firm is a profit-maximizing firm.

Disaster Recover Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster Recover Plan - Assignment ExampleThis is usually composed of representatives from all departments in the musical arrangement with specific expertise relating to the departments they represent.In case there is need to transport certain records or equipment to a different location, the transportation squad will accelerate this process. For example, in case of a natural disaster such as a flood, key equipment and documents need to be moved to a secure location. This team may also help in the movement of staff and the team members when necessary, especially for large organizations.The logistical officer will be in kick of all the supplies used in the recovery process. In case of external support, the logistical officer should make arrangements to get the support and keep all records and agreements intact.This chemical group of people will be responsible for ensuring that the safety of personnel and equipment is guaranteed. During a disaster, it is likely that the entire org anization might be exposed to greater earnest and safety risks.The second grade is to identify the key assets within the organization and the impact of each asset. This will help the disaster recovery team study the value of each asset to the organization and the strategies to be used in protecting that asset. In addition, this step allows the organization understand the major threats against the business assets identified. any(prenominal) of these threats include terrorism, hardware failure, cyber attacks and theft among others.The implementation of the recovery computer programme begins during the activation planning. This process is carried out by the recovery team or part of the team. This step helps in listing those systems that need to be restored, give the time estimates required for each system to be restored and give a clear communication plan between the recovery team members or groups.During this phase, all the staff members and recovery teams have been notified. The execution phase is

Persuasive speech writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive speech writing - Essay ExampleSuch laws need noble individuals for their implementation. So the issue of creating noble individuals attains top priority. The accelerator control measures, and the determination of the law enforcing authorities, may reduce the percentage of gun-ridden crimes and shootouts. I therefore, reiterate my support for it, for the simple originator that there is no other alternative for the time being.One important aspect about the mean gun control measure is the administrators have begun to conceive about the use-level of military-style assault weapons, to check violence. To an extent this may be the right step to do something about the violence-prone society in the prevailing societal conditions. I emphasize the word prevailing, because sermons from the political platforms by the politicians that believe in various ideologies are not going to produce any tangible results. I care it that using gun for violent acts is a negativity like smoking, drinking, drug addiction etc. Are we able to control the drug mafia? They fly high and score a march over the law-enforcing authorities. So, the issue is not about drafting a good law and getting it passed.Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein says the bill is intended to help end the mass-shootings that have devastated countless families and terrorized communities. He is right. But he has not addressed to the root cause of the problem, and he will not be able to do anything about it. Senators are aware of their limitations, so are we The issue is, those who are bent upon acquiring the guns, will get them through undercover channels. Just look around and see how the terrorist organizations are amassing demonic weapons of their choice, including military-type assault rifles. When tempers on the issue get cooled down, the realities related will come to the fore. Those supporting the gun ownership rights have taken a stand to oppose the bill. Americas main gun-rights lobby, the Nationa l Rifle

Learning the Theory of Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning the Theory of Knowledge - Essay ExampleRussell further contends that if a belief is to be causally important it must be defined as a characteristic of behavior. This explanation cannot be termed as definite because the result of the behavior or action determines if the belief held was true or false. If the search for food results in success, the belief was true but in case of failure, the belief is considered false. This does not real justify that knowledge is true belief. Russell believes there are two methods of inference deduction, and induction. The deduction is merely saying the same thing in another demeanor while induction can be mistaken inference.Human beings have been endowed with sense organs or the organs of perception but roughly often these are all taken for granted. People know many things like whether they feel cold or hot whether it is raining or snowing, or when the sun will rise or set. Descartes argues that the ideas about taste, feel, pain, pleasure, hunger, thirst, sadness or happiness come to us without our consent (Newman, 2005). All these are perceived done the sense organs and with the assistance of the memory, they reach the imagination. The mind receives the data through the nerves from all parts of the body to produce sensory awareness. The mind has a habit of believing what it perceives. This registers in the mind as an figure or knowledge gained through experience. Each person acts or behaves according to their prior experience or their sense of perception.Organs of sight do not increase knowledge. The physical eyes merely see but unless what has been seen can be jailed or truly perceived, the seeing has no meaning. Seeing is involuntary perception is not. We conceive, perceive and assimilate what we are interested in. This experience differs from one person to another. When a glass is partially filled with water, the physical eyes perceive it.

Cafeteria Food Essay Example for Free

Cafeteria Food EssaySome people think that school cafeterias should be required to pop the question low-fat and/or vegetarian lunch options to accommodate the governments nutritional guidelines, but completely students do not eat the same. In my essay about cafeteria diet, I will explain what students want in their food. I will also share the likes and dislikes in the food and what we earth-closet do to improve it. Cold pizza, undercooked hamburgers and brownness lettuce sounds nasty. Many students from different states and districts overhear to deal with that every day at their schools. The food from the cafeterias used to be good, with a sweet flavor, but in the function few years the food had interpreted a different flavor, a flavor that cannot be tolerated by the students. The students need a better quality in their food, dont they? Its term for a change, a change to food, so students can be satisfied while their eating, a change to food that can be really expense i t. As a matter of fact, we students pay money to the district every year and this is what we get? Its time for a change.Everybody knows that eating muscular was from the past. However, now students and not necessarily just students eat fast food like McDonalds or Taco Bell. Now everybody does, which can be a good and a bad thing. The changes of the foods taste has made many students to not eat at school, or nevertheless made students to bring lunch, and this as a matter of fact causes the school to lose money. In all actuality is the loss of money causing the school to go for students poorly made food?If the schools would serve students food from places like Pizza Hut and Subway I can guarantee that most or all students would eat at the cafeterias and it would benefit to both school and students. These types of foods would be so great to see in schools, but unfortunately the district and the governments have taken action and unfairly, they have set down laws that prohibit these foods in the schools. They have settled these laws because they want us as students to eat healthy, but if they want to pass on us healthy, why are they giving us food with a bad and nasty taste?Also, with these laws they keep students like me away from eating in addition much junk food because they can cause obesity. But do they keep on giving us food that is not even worth the amount of money our parents give to the government every year? If they were the ones who eat all of the nasty food given by the cafeteria they would of get tired of eating cold pizza and uncooked hamburgers with brown lettuce just like we the students do.In conclusion, we all understand what the government and the school system is trying to do with this healthy eating program. They want to promote healthy eating habits in an effort to prevent obesity. Although nutrition is important, students feel that there is a better way to have healthy food without ruining the taste. Therefore, in an effort to keep stu dents healthy and leave with their stomachs satisfied we should all come together to realize that we are the ones that have to make it through the school day with the food.

Components of Economy Essay Example for Free

Components of Economy EssayHuman activities which generate income are know as economic activities. All the economic activities are classified into three categories viz. base, secondary and 3rd. Activities that are directly associated with environment are known as primary activities as they refer to utilization of immanent resources like land, water, vegetation, minerals etc. When primary goods are used to produce virtually other articles or commodities, any manually or by machines, then this activity is known as secondary activity. For both primary and secondary activities, we require a substantial measuring stick of support services which are known as tertiary activities. 1.Primary ActivitiesPeople engaged in primary activities are called red collar workers due to exterior nature of their work. Agriculture, fishing, live-stock rearing, mining are some of the examples of primary activities. In most of the developing countries including India, primary activities still resu lt substantial earnings especially in rural areas. These activities are important as they provide livelihood for the human beings and are backbone of industry as most of the raw materials are provided by them. Many countries in Africa and Asia and some parts of Europe and the USA are heavily dependent on this sector for economic development.2.Secondary ActivitiesThese activities add value to natural resources by transforming raw materials into valuable and useful products. Secondary activities, thus, are concerned with manufacturing, processing and construction (infrastructure) industries. Thus, there is some mutual dependency between primary and secondary activities. Secondary activities, thus require human skills, technology, funds, mechanization, electricity or other form of power.3.Tertiary ActivitiesTertiary activities are related to the service sector. All those activities which provide support to primary and secondary activities and link the producers and consumers are called as tertiary activities. The main difference between secondary and tertiary activities is that the expertise provided by tertiary or service sectors relies more heavily on specialized skills, experience and knowledge of workers rather than on the production techniques, machinery and factory processes. Transportation, trade, banking, communication, insurance are some of the examples of such services. This sector is growing at a phenomenal rate in India and provides attractive employment opportunities.

The House of Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros Essay Example for Free

The House of Mango alley by Sandra Cisneros EssayThe House of Mango Street is a base written in vignettes, which shows how a young woman bends up and how she is maturing. In this story there are some vignettes that specify when she is ascending up and that show some of steps that take part as people grow up. The House of Mango Street is a coming of age story where Esperanza, the protagonist, is growing up as the story progresses.Esperanza is a misfire that has is sort of poor but not completely. They have moved from place to place until they settled at a house in Mango Street when she was eight years old. There she catchs to grow up and becoming more mature. In a vignette called hips she discovers she starts growing hips. Then she with her sister and friend start telling each other why women grow hips. This shows that Esperanza is starting to become a woman. This is because she is starting to grow hips and that is an important change and sign that a female child is indeed growing up. In addition, she is now aware that she is becoming a woman and is starting to develop.This shows that because she starts telling his two sisters and her friend about her growing hips. This is because she is raise and exited about the fact that she now starts to have hips. Furthermore, they start to discuss and signal about why women have hips. This shows that they as girls are growing up, but the things they argue about still show that they are not so mature but start maturing. This is because they still have childish beliefs about why they grow hips. Hips tells us how Esperanza is growing up and they start the maturing process.Esperanza as we know is a sort of poor person and she has no money to buy too umpteen things. There is a vignette called chanclas were she starts to come up ashamed of her shoes that were old and ruined. This shows that she is starting to be aware of how she looks and if she looks fine or bad. This is because as she starts to mature and grow up she starts to develop more vanity. In addition, she starts to notice that boys are looking at her and that makes her try to be as beautiful as she can mayhap be.This shows that as she matures, and as she starts to notice boys and vice versa she happens the urge of being attractive to them and to grab their attention. This is because she knows that to get married or to attract boys she has to bebeautiful plentiful for the boys. Furthermore, as the vignette develops it says that she in the urge of trying to look good, and starts to hide her shoes under her dress. This shows that she is aware that people are looking at her and makes her feel uneasy about her shoes. This is because she sees a boy looking at her from the other side and it sets her shame wild trying to hide the shoes. This vignette shows us how she starts to feel ashamed of her things and how much she cares about her appearance.The House of Mango Street is a story written in vignettes, which shows how a girl grows up and how she is maturing. The story shows us how Esperanza, the protagonist, changes from a girl to a woman. For me the story was a little confusing because of me being a boy and the story about a girl. For the conclusion the story was a coming of age story that tells us the side that we dont know about people like Esperanza and how they grow up.

Normal And Inferior Goods And Examples Economics Essay

Normal And Inferior heartfelts And Examples Economics EssayA microeconomic rectitude that states that, all new(prenominal)(a) factors being equal, as the monetary look on of a well be withdrawd or service increases, consumer subscribe to for the proficient or service will decrease and vice versa.Law Of DemandThis law summarizes the military group price salmagundis halt on consumer behavior.For example, a consumer will purchase much(prenominal) pizzas if the price of pizza fall downs. The opposition is true if the price of pizza increases. people generally buy more of a solid when the price is low and less of it when the price is spunky. This is a general rule that applies to most advanceds called rule goods. As the price of a normal good increases, people buy less of it because they are usually able to switch to cheaper goods.Normal and Inferior Goods and Its ExamplesNormal goods buttocks be defined as those goods for which fill increases when the income of the consumer increases and falls when income of the consumer decreases, price of the goods rest constant.Examples of normal goods are demand of LCD and plasma television, demand for more expensive cars, branded clothes, expensive houses, diamonds etc increases when the income of the consumers increases.To the opposite side of normal goods are the inferior goods. It is defined as those goods the demand for which decreases when the income of the consumer increases.Examples of inferior goods are consumption of breads or cereals and since the income of the consumer increases he moved towards consumption of more nutritious foods and hence demand for low priced product like bread or cereal decreases.Another example send word be of use of populace transportation, when income is low people use more of public transportation which is not the case when their income increases.Hence from the above one can see that other things remaining constant as the income of consumer increases demand for norm al goods will increase and demand for inferior goods decrease and vice versa.GIFFEN GOODSIn economics, a giffen good is an inferior good with the unique characteristic that an increase in price actually increases the quantity of the good that is demanded. This provides the unusual result of an upward sloping demand roll. This phenomenon is notable because it violates the law of demand, whereby demand should increase as price falls and decrease as price ski tows.For example-consumption of bread increased as its price increased.as bread is a fasten food for low income consumers.A rise in its price would not stop people from buying as much as before.But poor people would promptly have so little extra money to spend on meat or other luxury foods that they would abandon on their demand for these and kind of buy more bread to fill up their stomachs.the result was that a rise in the price of bread led to a rise in the demand for bread.This happens because of the interactions of the in come and substitution effects.SUBSTITUTION EFFECT if the price of a good rises, consumers will buy less of that good and more of others because it is now relatively more expensive than other goods. If the price of good falls, consumers will buy more of that good and less of others. These changes in quantity demanded due to the relative change in prices are known as substitution effectof a price change.INCOME EFFECT If the price of a good rise, the real income of consumers will fall. They will not be able to buy the same basket of goods and services as before.Consumers can react to this fall in real income in one of the two ways.if the good is a normal good,they will buy less of the good. If the good is an inferior good, they will buy more good.these changes in quantity demanded caused by a change in real income is known as income effect.For an inferior good, the substitution effect and income effect work in opposite directions.A rise in price leads to a fall in quantity demanded b ecause the relative price of the good has risen. alone it leads to a rise in quantity demanded because consumers real income have fallen. However, the substitution effect outweighs the income effect because overall it is still true for an inferior good that a rise in price leads to an overall fall in quantity demanded.A Giffen Good is a special type of inferior good. A rise in price leads to a fall in quantity demanded because of the substitution effect but a rise in quantity demanded because of the income effect.However, the income effect outweighs the substitution effect, leading to rises in quantity demanded.Depending on whether the good is inferior or normal, the income effect can be haughty or negative as the price of a good increases..The interesting thing about a giffen good, is that when the price of a giffen good rises, the income effect is greater than the substitution effect. So if a good is inferior, the income effect will be positive and larger than the negative value from the substitution effect.A giffen good faces an upward sloping demand write out because the income effect dominates the substitution effect, meaning that quantity demanded increases as price risesCUsersadminDesktopassignmentWhat is a giffen good, an example with graphs_filesgiffen+good.png flake Of GoodSubstitution EffectIncome EffectTotal EffectNormal goodFallFallFallInferior GoodFall formulateFall because substitution effect income effectGiffen GoodFallRiseRise because substitution effect MR, then P MC is as well as true.A monopolizer charges a higher price than would competitive producers selling in the same market.Profit Maximization Under MonopolyQMCATCMRPProfitClearly, the price shot of demand plays a crucial role in monopoly price setting. As long as demand is elastic, total tax will rise when the monopoly lowers its price, but this will not be true when demand becomes nonresilient. Therefore, the monopoliser will expand output only in the elastic portion of its demand curve.As monopoly is a form of imperfect market organization, on that point is no difference between firm and industry. A monopoly firm is said to be an industry. therefore monopoly means the absence of competition. There are strong barriers to entry into the industry. As a result, vender has full control over the supply of the commodity.Features of Monopoly1. One seller and large number of purchasersMonopoly is a form of imperfect market structure where there is only one seller of a product. A monopoly firm whitethorn be owned by a person, a few numbers of partners or a joint stock company. The characteristic feature of single seller eliminates the distinction between the firm and the industry. A monopoliser firm is itself the industry. Under monopoly there are large numbers of buyers although the seller is one. No buyers reaction can influence the price.2. No close substituteUnder monopoly a single producer produces single commodities which have no close substitute. A s the commodity in question has no close substitute, the monopolist is at liberty to change a price according to his own whimsy. Monopoly can not exist when there is competition.A firm is said, to be monopolist only when it is the single producer and supplier of the product which have no close substitute. Under monopoly the cross pushover of demand is zero. Cross snapshot of demand shows a change in the demand for a good as a result of change in the price of another good.3. Strong barriers to the entry into the industry existIn a monopoly market there is strong barrier on the entry of advanced firms. Monopolist faces no competition. As there is one firm no other rival producers can enter the market of the same product. Since the monopolist has impregnable control over the production and sale of the commodity certain economic barriers are imposed on the entry of potential rivals.4. Nature of demand curveIn case of monopoly one firm constitutes the whole industry. The entire deman d of the consumers for a product goes to the monopolist. Since the demand curve of the individual consumers lopes descending(prenominal), the monopolist faces a downward sloping demand curve.A monopolist can sell more of his output only at a lower price and can condense the sale at a high price. The downward sloping demand curve expresses that the price (AR) goes on falling ns sales are increased. In monopoly AR curve slopes downward mid MR curve lies below AR curve. Demand curve under monopoly la otherwise known as average revenue curve.5. Homogeneous ProductA monopoly firm manufactures a commodity that has no close substitute and is a homogeneous product. With the absence of availability of a substitute, the buyer is bound to purchase what is available at the tagged price. For instance there is no substitute for railways as the bulk carrier. Thus, to be the sole seller, in the monopolistic setup, a unique product must be produced6. expense DiscriminationPrice discrimination can be defined as the practice by a seller of charging different prices from different buyers for the same good or service. A monopolist has the leverage to carry out price discrimination as he is the market and acts as per his suitability.7. Price ElasticityWith regards to the demand of the product or service offered by the monopolizing company or individual, the price elasticity to irresponsible value ratio is dictated by price increase and market demand. It is not uncommon to see surplus and/or a loss categorise as deadweight within a monopoly. The latter refers to gain that evades both, the consumer and the monopolist.Advantages of monopolyMonopoly avoids duplication and hence wastage of resources.A monopoly enjoys economics of scale as it is the only supplier of product or service in the market. The benefits can be passed on to the consumers.Due to the fact that monopolies make lot of profits, it can be used for research and development and to put forward their status as a mono poly.Monopolies may use price discrimination which benefits the economically weaker sections of the society. For example, Indian railways provide discounts to students travelling through its network.Monopolies can afford to throne in latest technology and machinery in order to be efficient and to avoid competition.Disadvantages of monopolyPoor level of service.No consumer sovereignty.Consumers may be charged high prices for low quality of goods and services.Lack of competition may lead to low quality and out dated goods and services.MONOPOLIST EQUILIBRIUM WITH ZERO MARGINAL make upUnder certain exceptional cases, the cost of additional units of output, i.e., peripheral cost (MC) may be equal to zero. With constant value zero of marginal cost, the value of average cost is also constant and is equal to zero. With zero cost of production, the monopolist has only to decide at which output, the total revenue will be maximum. And total revenue is maximum, at the output level at which m arginal revenue is equal to zero. Further, with zero marginal cost, the condition of profit maximization, i.e., the equality of marginal cost (MC) and marginal revenue (MR) can be achieved, where the latter is also equal to zero.Fig. shows the equilibrium of the monopolist, where marginal cost is equal to zero. E is the point of monopolist equilibrium, where MC cuts MR from below. The equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity at this equilibrium are OP and OQ respectively. Here, total revenue and hence total profits (area OPBE in fig. ) of the monopolist are maximum. Beyond OQ level of output, MR becomes negative and total revenue starts declining. As explained in Chapter 16 on Market Structure, under heading Relation among AR, MR and Price Elasticity of Demand, Page 485 elasticity of demand on the AR curve corresponding to zero marginal revenue is equal to one. Therefore, with zero cost of production, monopolist equilibrium will be established at a level, where elasticity of d emand is unitary.Description Zero exist of Production.JPGFig. Monopolist Equilibrium with Zero Cost of ProductionIt is important to note that the monopolist will never produce the output at any level, where MR is negative. If he does so, his total revenue will fall as output increases. He can increase total revenue by reducing the output. In other words, the monopolist can earn larger profits by restricting the output. Further, since MC cannot be negative, equality of MC and MR (equilibrium condition) cannot be achieved, where MR is negative.We know from the relationship among average revenue (AR), marginal revenue (MR) and elasticity of demand7 that when marginal revenue is negative, elasticity of demand is less than one. Therefore, no rational monopolist will produce on that portion of the demand curve, where MR is negative, i.e., the elasticity of demand is less than one? That is why no monopolist ever operates on the inelastic portion of the average revenue curve or the demand curve.With the positive marginal costs (which is most usually the case), the monopolist fixes his level of output for which MR is also positive, i.e., total revenue rises with increase in the level of output. In other words, the equilibrium will always lie, where elasticity of demand is greater than one.In fig. , if the price is fixed at point B (middle point of the demand curve), where the elasticity of demand is equal to one, the MC (whether straight line or U-shaped) curve will pass through the MR curve at zero point. Here, both the MC and the MR are zero. It is a rare possibility. Further, below the middle point B of the demand curve, elasticity of demand is less than one. If the price is fixed in this inelastic portion of the demand curve, both the MC and the MR assume negative values, as the point of intersection between them is below point E on the MR curve in fig. . However, MC can never be negative. Given positive costs, MC curve must cut the MR curve from below at a point , where both the MC and the MR are positive. The equilibrium in this case will be established at a point above E on the MR curve in the figure and the price will be fixed in the elastic portion of the demand curve, i.e., above the middle point of the AR curve in fig.(source transtutors.com)Q3) gentleman Economic OutlookThe global recovery is threatened by intensifying strains in the euro area and fragilities elsewhere. Financial conditions have deteriorated, growth prospects have subdued, and downside risks have escalated. Global output is projected to expand by 3 percent in 2012 (Table 1andFigure 1)-a downward revision of about circumstances point relative to theSeptember 2011 World Economic Outlook (WEO). This is largely because the euro area economy is now expected to go into a mild recess in 2012 as a result of the rise in sovereign yields, the effects of bank deleveraging on the real economy, and the impact of additional fiscal consolidation. ripening in emerging and deve lop economies is also expected to slow because of the worsening external environment and a weakening of internal demand. The most immediate indemnity challenge is to restore confidence and put an end to the crisis in the euro area by supporting growth, while sustaining adjustment, containing deleveraging, and providing more liquidity and monetary accommodation. In other major advanced economies, the key indemnity requirements are to address medium-term fiscal imbalances and to repair and reform financial systems, while sustaining the recovery. In emerging and developing economies, near-term policy should focus on responding to moderating domestic growth and to slowing external demand from advanced economies.Financial risks escalate, global growth deceleratesGlobal growth prospects dimmed and risks sharply escalated during the fourth quarter of 2011, as the euro area crisis entered a perilous new phase. Activity remained relatively robust throughout the third quarter, with global g ross domestic product expanding at an annualized rate of 3 percent-only slightly worse than forecast in theSeptember 2011 WEO. Growth in the advanced economies surprised on the upside, as consumers in the United States unexpectedly lowered their saving rates and business fixed investment stayed strong. The bounce back from the supply-chain disruptions caused by the March 2011 Japanese earthquake was also stronger than anticipated. Additionally, stabilizing oil prices helped support consumption. These developments, however, are not expected to sustain significant momentum going forward.By contrast, growth in emerging and developing economies slowed more than forecast, possibly due to a greater-than-expected effect of macroeconomic policy tightening or weaker underlying growth.Description Figure 1Table 1. Overview of theWorld Economic OutlookProjections(Percent change unless noted otherwise)Year over YearProjectionsDifference fromSeptember 2011 WEOProjectionsQ4 over Q4EstimatesProject ions201020112012201320122013201120122013World Output15.23.83.33.9-0.7-0.63.33.44.0Advanced Economies3.21.61.21.9-0.7-0.51.31.32.1United States3.01.81.82.20.0-0.31.81.52.4Euro champaign1.91.6-0.50.8-1.6-0.70.8-0.21.2Germany3.63.00.31.5-1.00.01.80.71.6France1.41.60.21.0-1.2-0.90.90.51.3Italy1.50.4-2.2-0.6-2.5-1.1-0.1-2.70.9Spain-0.10.7-1.7-0.3-2.8-2.10.2-2.10.6Japan4.4-0.91.71.6-0.6-0.4-0.91.91.5United Kingdom2.10.90.62.0-1.0-0.40.81.02.4Canada3.22.31.72.0-0.2-0.52.11.72.0Other Advanced Economies25.83.32.63.4-1.1-0.32.93.23.5Newly Industrialized Asian Economies8.44.23.34.1-1.2-0.33.84.33.8Emerging and developing Economies37.36.25.45.9-0.7-0.65.96.06.3Central and Eastern atomic number 634.55.11.12.4-1.6-1.13.41.43.0Commonwealth of Independent States4.64.53.73.8-0.7-0.63.23.53.7Russia4.04.13.33.5-0.8-0.53.52.84.0Excluding Russia6.05.54.44.7-0.7-0.4. . .. . .. . .Developing Asia9.57.97.37.8-0.7-0.67.47.97.6China10.49.28.28.8-0.8-0.78.78.58.4India9.97.47.07.3-0.5-0.86.76.97.2ASEAN-546.9 4.85.25.6-0.4-0.23.77.45.0Latin America and the Caribbean6.14.63.63.9-0.4-0.23.93.35.0Brazil7.52.93.04.0-0.6-0.22.13.84.1Mexico5.44.13.53.5-0.1-0.24.13.13.6Middle East and North Africa (MENA)54.33.13.23.6. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .Sub-Saharan Africa5.34.95.55.3-0.3-0.2. . .. . .. . .South Africa2.93.12.53.4-1.1-0.62.43.03.7 historyEuropean Union2.01.6-0.11.2-1.5-0.70.80.31.7World Growth Based on Market Exchange Rates4.12.82.53.2-0.7-0.4. . .. . .. . .World Trade Volume (goods and services)12.76.93.85.4-2.0-1.0. . .. . .. . .ImportsAdvanced Economies11.54.82.03.9-2.0-0.8. . .. . .. . .Emerging and Developing Economies15.011.37.17.7-1.0-1.0. . .. . .. . .ExportsAdvanced Economies12.25.52.44.7-2.8-0.8. . .. . .. . .Emerging and Developing Economies13.89.06.17.0-1.7-1.6. . .. . .. . .Commodity Prices (U.S. dollars)Oil627.931.9-4.9-3.6-1.8-3.1. . .. . .. . .Nonfuel (average based on world commodity export weights)26.317.7-14.0-1.7-9.32.2. . .. . .. . .Consumer PricesAdvanced Economies1.62. 71.61.30.2-0.12.91.21.3Emerging and Developing Economies36.17.26.25.50.30.46.55.64.8London Interbank Offered Rate (percent)7On U.S. Dollar Deposits0.50.50.90.90.40.3. . .. . .. . .On Euro Deposits0.81.41.11.2-0.1-0.4. . .. . .. . .On Japanese Yen Deposits0.40.40.50.20.20.0. . .. . .. .(Source www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/update/01/

Implementation of Organization Theory and Design

Implementation of Organization Theory and DesignAn brass section is a defined organise in which people work together to achieve organizational goals using human, financial and material resources. Organization conjecture describes how organization functions, case of environment on organization and effect of organization on environment. Organization theory can be classified under three approaches classical, neo classical and modern.Classical theory considers organization as a machine and human beings as different parts of machine. In this theory, work is divided into specialized tasks. Unity of dictation, chain of command and span of control are also there in this theory (Prasad, 2008).Neo classical theory is a combination of full-dress and informal organization. It is ground on human view of organization. This theory contains flat structure of organization, decentralization and informal organization.Modern organization theory was developed in early 1960s. It takes an organizat ion as an adaptive, dynamic and open system. This theory consists of two theories. According to system theory, productivity is considered as an interaction of people, structure and environment. Contingency theory describes that there must be a match between organizational structure and its environment to enhance performance (Prasad, 2008).Organizational design depends on various factors such as environment, strategy, people, size and technology.On the basis of above description of organizational theory and design, we have come to know about the organization, its functions, its effect on external environment, effect of external environment, organization design and structure.Modern theory with system and contingency theory is generally acceptable in present scenario. So in the interview, I will tell the interviewer that I have learned about the organizational theory and design and I have learned that flat structure, dynamism, combination of formal and informal behavior, decentralizat ion and broader span of control are the characteristics, which must be applied in an organization (Organization Theory and Design, 2008). In present scenario, we can not take organization as a closed system because organization affects the external environment and gets affected by external environment. Decentralization refers to the delegation of proponent among managers. Flat structure provides better communication between all the levels of management. Span of control should be wider enough because it helps in proper management of workforce. The success of an organization highly depends on coordination of its various resources like human, financial and material.I have properly understood the factors, which are very critical in organizational structure. I will keep an eye on the external environment to go with recent trends. I will also concentrate on a able strategy to maintain relations between all the elements, which decide the organizational success. Apart from these two thing s, the use of new technology, size of organization and proper treatment of people will also be considered.ReferencesPrasad, L.M. (2008). Organizational Behavior (4th Revised Edition). New Delhi Sultan Chand Sons Educational Publishers.Organization Theory and Design, (2008). Retrieved on June, 24, 2008 from http//www52.homepage.villanova.edu/maureen.sullivan/coursematerial/LM_Notes/Organizational_Theory_and_Design.htm

Difference Between Gift Exchange and Market Transactions

Difference Between Gift Exchange and Market TransactionsWhat is the difference mingled with have exchange and market transactions, and how do they both(prenominal) relate to gender coitions?IntroductionKarl Polanyi (1968), in his critique of the principles that underlie the formalist approach to frugal analysis, attempted to define the tools by which the economies of traditional societies could be analysed. Central to the substantivists claims was the understanding that the introduction of money destroyed indigenous social relations by introducing the notion of equivalencies of value where none had previously existed. In this approach, the substantivists were pursual the legacy of Marcel Mauss,1 who, in his seminal The Gift (1954), had argued that in contemporary and archaic societies as widespread as North America, Polynesia and Ancient Rome the assumptions of economic analysis, as used in explaining market transactions, were not relevant as these societies were gift economies .In this essay, I will first examine what Mauss meant by the destination gift economies, before providing a contemporary example from the pass of Usula Sharma (1984) who demonstrates how a gift exchange may be instrumental in the subordination of women. In the second section, I then look at market transactions and, by drawing on the work of Maria Mies (1998), I reveal the gendered character of the market. In the conclusion, I problematise the division between gift and market economies, suggesting that both are weberian ideal casefuls and that neither is fully adequate to account for the complexity of both market transactions and gift exchanges, as both are deeply embedded in social relations and thus in relations of power. sexual activity and Gift ExchangeMarcel Mauss argued that in contemporary western society we make a distinction between gift exchange and market transactions, and that in the west we presume the former to be free of obligations (Douglas in Mauss, 2000 vii). How ever, Mauss argued that the gift in feature entails an obligation to reciprocate2 and thus creates ties between individuals and/ or collections. For Mauss, this form of deliverance differs from the disinterested and self-interested exchange of modern societies (Mauss, 2000 75-6) and he believed that all economies were originally gift economies the system that we propose to call the system of total services, from tribe to clan constitutes the most ancient system of thrift and law forms the base from which the morality of the exchange-thorough-gift has flowed (Mauss, 2000 70). An example of gift exchange is that of Northern India, and the Dowry system as depict by Ursula Sharma (1984), complete with mutual obligations and the creation of lasting ties.Sharma describes a marri suppurate system whereby the family of the bride must pay a dowry to the family of the groom, creating lasting ties between the two families, premised on the ability of the brides family to givewhen they arrange the marriage of a son, parents do not just look forward to the dowry they will receive at the wedding. They look forward to the brides familys general capacity to give (Sharma, 1984 64).Although, if asked, most participants would describe the dowry as freely given in fact behind the scenes explicit bargaining takes place (Sharma, 1984 64). In a society sharply divided, not only by gender but also by age and caste, control over what is given and what happens to these gifts once received is subject to division along lines of gender and age. Senior women in the household are trusty for seeing that obligations are met and proper relations maintained (Sharma, 1984 65), but when the gifts are of cash, then it is the senior men who are most in control (Sharma, 1984 66). The ties created by the dowry may have severe consequences for the dis-empowered bride dowry favours and is favoured by a cultural ethos in which brides can be viewed as objects to be passed from one social group t o another, further, in India the rapid inflation of dowries has led to a situation in which brides are more controlled by than controllers of property (Sharma, 1984 73). Finally, dowry deaths may clear when the grooms family is disappointed with her dowry and hope to negotiate a better one for a second marriage (Sharma, 1984 71). However, her powerlessness is eased by time, as she moves to universe a dowry-taker on the marriage of her sons (Sharma, 1984 72). Thus, we can see that in the gift exchange lasting relationships are created, and that these relations are contrastingiated according to age and gender.Gender and Market TransactionsIn this section I examine the market transaction through the work of Maria Mies (1998), revealing the gendered nature of the supposedly disinterested market. In a market transaction, rather than the exchange of gifts which then creates lasting ties between people, it is presumed that in the exchange of commodities only a relationship between thin gs is created the transactors are strangers in a state of reciprocal independence which persists after the transaction (Thomas, 1991 14). Such an understanding is supported by our common sense understandings of the different spheres of exchange for example, Paul Bohannan (1968), in his discussion of the spheres of exchange among the Tiv of Northern Nigeria, identifies a similar division in Tiv ideology between the gift and markets. The former representing the establishment and continuation of social relationships, while the later calls up no long-term personal relationship, and which is in that respectfore to be exploited to as great a point in time as possible (Bohannan, 1968 300) in this set of relationships, all items have an exchange equivalent. After all, when I exchange cash for a commodity I do not feel myself to be tied into a reciprocal relationship with the shopkeeper.However, Mies argues that rather than the formally free, atomistic individuals, engaged in disintereste d exchange (Polanyi, 1968) of conjectural liberalism, and therefore of much economic thought, instead we find that actors are no less entwined in power relations than in the gift economies outlined above. Indeed, she argues that the exploitative sexual division is the social paradigm upon which the international division of labour is built up (Mies, 1998 4, emphasis added). First, many have debated the elan in which the humans sphere is dominated by men, but Mies argues that it is in fact the un compensable work of the housewife, of caring and nurturing within the domestic sphere (Mies, 1998 ix), or womens work, that allows men to be free to enter the public realm (Mies, 1998 31). Next, Mies argues that the housewifization of labour3 not only naturalizes womens restriction to the private realm, but also means that her paid work is considered only supplementary to that of her husband (Mies, 1998 ix) the process of proletarianization of the men was, therefore, accompanied by a pro cess of housewifization of women (Mies, 1998 69). Finally, Mies argues that third cosmos women are valued by capitalism as producers due to their nimble fingers and as they are considered to be the most docile, manipulable labour force (Mies, 1998 117) in short, due to ascribed gender stereotypes. The emblematic hierarchy of gender thus has material effects as women are placed in an economically vulnerable position and are concentrated in low paid, part-time employment women and their children are the most economically disadvantaged group across the globe. Further, women are locked into an international division of labour whereby the third world women produce not what they need, but what others first world women can buy (Mies, 1998 118, original emphasis). Thomson echoes this argument everyone is now tied up in a historical entanglement of global relations we are all caught up in international relations of production and appropriation which stretch across the spaces separating us (Thomas, 1991 8-9) and this international relation of production is gendered.ConclusionNicholas Thomas rejects Mauss argument that the economies of Melanesia and Polynesia can be regarded as gift economies, which are thus opposed to the market economies of Europe. He argues that this division misses the way that these traditional economies are in fact deeply entangled with the global capitalist trade (Thomas, 1991 4) a wider range of evidence from indigenous Oceanic societies suggests that there is a broad continuum between systems in which it is possible to substitute only people for people, or food for food, and those in which a wide range of magisterial conversions are permitted (Thomas, 1991 4). Divisions, such as Mauss makes, between gift exchange and market transactions are part of the reification of difference between us and them (Thomas, 1991 34), further, the luxuriant polarities almost always turn out to be implausible (Thomas, 1991 27). Thomas argues that by scrutinisi ng our concepts via the lens of gender we can reveal the theoretical flaws or weaknesses that we mogul otherwise miss (Thomas, 1991 2)For Polanyi, the economic sphere as defined by the discipline of economics is base on a conflation of two distinct meanings the meaty and formal. The formal meaning of economic derives from the logical character of the means-ends relationship it refers to a definite situation of choice (Polanyi, 1968 122), whereas in the substantive exposition the economy here is embodied in institutions that cause individual choices to give rise to interdependent movements that constitute the economic process (Polanyi, 1968 125). In short, formal economics is based on the notion of formally free individuals, making rational economic decisions and which create no lasting ties, whereas substantive economics views all economies, whether regarded as gift economies or those based on market transaction, as embedded in social relations. Thomas concurs exchange is alw ays, in the first instance, a political process, one in which wider relationships are expressed (Thomas, 1991 7) for exchange relationships are always differentiated by power (Thomas, 1991 22), by race, class, gender and age.Thomas would not have us resign the distinction between gift and commodity entirely (Thomas, 1991 29), perhaps it would be better to view them as points along a continuum, with each ideal type at the opposing ends but the majority of actual cases lying somewhere in between further it is necessary that we recognise the coexistence of both types (Thomas, 1991 33). Whether or not the introduction of money destroyed indigenous social relations, by introducing the equivalencies of value, as the substantavists claimed, the ties that are created by contemporary commodity exchange may be less evident, but Maria Mies reminds us that nonetheless the global division of labour links third world producers to first world consumers in an asymmetric power relationship that ma kes a lie of the supposed disinterestedness of market transactions.BibliographyBohannan, Paul (1968) Some Principles of Exchange and Investment among the Tiv, economic Anthropology Readings in Theory and Analysis, LeClair Schneider (Eds.), London Holt, Rinehart Winston, pp 122 143.Levi-Strauss, Claude (1969 1949) spirit and Culture The Problem of Incest, The Elementary Structure of Kinship, London Eyre Spottiswoode, pp. 3-25.Mauss, Marcel (2000 1954) The Gift The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies, New York W. W. Norton.Mies, Maria (1998 1986) patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale Women in the International Division of Labour, London Zed Books.Polanyi, Karl (1968 1957) The Economy as Instituted Process, in Economic Anthropology Readings in Theory and Analysis, LeClair Schneider (Eds.), London Holt, Rinehart Winston, Inc. pp 122 143.Sharma, Ursula (1984) Dowry in North India Its Consequences for Women, Women and Property Women as Property, Hirschon, R . (Ed.), London Croom Helm, pp. 62-74.Thomas, Nicholas (1991) Introduction and Objects, Exchange, Anthropology in Entangled Objects Exchange, Materialism and Colonialism in the Pacific, Cambridge Harvard University Press, pp. 1-34.1Footnotes1 As well as that of Bronislaw Malinowski, who in his influential (1922) Argonauts of the Western Pacific An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea, (London Routledge) closely depict the Kula exchange of the Trobriand Islanders.2 Levi Straus, following Mauss, argued that the exchange of women (exogamy) provided the basis for ties between different groups (Levi Strauss, 1969 14) via the incest taboo (Levi Strauss, 1969 9-10) and thus provided the basis for culture (Levi Strauss, 1969 24-5).3 The defining of women as homemakers, and then relying on this definition to characterise their work outside of the home (Mies, 1998).